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Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease characterized by a modification in the shape of the red blood cell from a smooth, donut-shape into a crescent or half moon shape. The misshapen cells lack plasticity and can block small blood vessels, impairing blood flow, this condition leads to shortened red blood cell survival, and subsequent anemia, it and has been defined as a health priority by World Health Organization (WHO). Poor blood oxygen levels and blood vessel blockages without proper treatment, causes in patients continuing episodes of pain and a severe pronounced anemia, severe bacterial infections, and necrosis (tissue death), recurrent infections and drastic decline in the quality of life of patients, clinical symptoms of thrombosis in internal organs that can lead to disorders of the central nervous system and episodes of neurophysiological disorders and even death of the patient.

Sickle cell anaemia


Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease characterized by a modification in the shape of the red blood cell from a smooth, donut-shape into a crescent or half moon shape. The misshapen cells lack plasticity and can block small blood vessels, impairing blood flow, this condition leads to shortened red blood cell survival, and subsequent anemia, it and has been defined as a health priority by World Health Organization (WHO).

Symptoms


  • The symptoms of sickle cell anaemia vary considerably from person to person.

  • Pain develops when sickle-shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood to the chest, abdomen and joints.
  • These spells of pain are called 'sickle cell crisis' and can last anything from a few minutes to several months.
  • Symptoms can have a significant impact on quality of life and can lead to life-threatening complications such as:

Diagnosis


  • Sickle cell anaemia is diagnosed using a blood test which detects the presence of the abnormal HbS haemoglobin in the red blood cells.
  • In children the blood is taken by pricking a finger or heel.
  • In adults the blood is drawn from a vein in the arm.
  • The blood sample is analysed to see if the abnormal HbS haemoglobin (rather than normal HbA haemoglobin) is present.